Acquiring an American passport is a goal for many green card holders. While holding a green card provides numerous benefits and privileges, it does not automatically grant American citizenship or an American passport. This detailed article will guide you through the process, requirements, and steps necessary to transition from being a green card holder to a U.S. citizen, and ultimately obtaining an American passport.
Understanding the Difference Between a Green Card and Citizenship
What is a Green Card?
A green card, officially known as a Permanent Resident Card, allows individuals to live and work permanently in the United States. Green card holders are often referred to as lawful permanent residents (LPRs). This status provides various rights and responsibilities but is not equivalent to U.S. citizenship.
What is U.S. Citizenship?
U.S. citizenship provides full rights and responsibilities under U.S. law. Citizens have the right to vote, run for public office, and obtain a U.S. passport, which allows for international travel with the full protection and assistance of U.S. embassies and consulates.
The Path from Green Card to Citizenship
Naturalization Process
To obtain an American passport, a green card holder must first become a U.S. citizen through a process called naturalization. This process involves several steps, including meeting eligibility requirements, filing the appropriate forms, attending an interview, and taking the Oath of Allegiance.
Eligibility Requirements for Naturalization
Before applying for naturalization, you must meet the following criteria:
1. Continuous Residence: You must have lived in the U.S. as a green card holder for at least five years (three years if you are married to a U.S. citizen).
2. Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months within the five years preceding the application (18 months if married to a U.S. citizen).
3. Good Moral Character: You must demonstrate good moral character, which generally means adhering to the law and exhibiting conduct that reflects well on the community.
4. English Language Proficiency: You must be able to read, write, and speak basic English.
5. Knowledge of U.S. Government and History: You must pass a civics test covering U.S. history and government.
6. Attachment to the U.S. Constitution: You must show attachment to the principles of the U.S. Constitution and be willing to take the Oath of Allegiance.
Filing the Naturalization Application
The naturalization process starts with filing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. This form requires detailed information about your background, residence, employment history, and travel outside the U.S. You must also pay the required filing fee.
Biometrics Appointment
After submitting your application, you will receive a notice for a biometrics appointment. During this appointment, your fingerprints, photograph, and signature will be taken. This information is used to conduct a background check.
Naturalization Interview
Next, you will be scheduled for a naturalization interview. During this interview, a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer will review your application, ask questions about your background, and test your English language skills and knowledge of U.S. civics.
Taking the Oath of Allegiance
If you pass the interview and meet all requirements, you will be scheduled for an Oath of Allegiance ceremony. During this ceremony, you will swear allegiance to the United States, renouncing any foreign allegiances. After taking the oath, you will officially become a U.S. citizen.
Obtaining an American Passport
Applying for a U.S. Passport
Once you are a U.S. citizen, you can apply for a U.S. passport. To do this, you must complete Form DS-11, Application for a U.S. Passport, and submit it along with proof of citizenship (such as your naturalization certificate), proof of identity, passport photos, and the required fee.
Processing Time
Passport processing times can vary, but it generally takes several weeks to receive your passport. Expedited services are available for an additional fee if you need your passport more quickly.
see also: How to Get U.S. Residency Through Investment?
Benefits of U.S. Citizenship
Voting Rights
As a U.S. citizen, you gain the right to vote in federal, state, and local elections. This allows you to participate in the democratic process and have a say in the government.
Eligibility for Federal Jobs
Many federal jobs require U.S. citizenship. As a citizen, you become eligible for a wider range of employment opportunities within the federal government.
Protection from Deportation
U.S. citizens are generally protected from deportation. Unlike green card holders, citizens cannot be removed from the country based on criminal convictions or other issues.
Ability to Sponsor Family Members
U.S. citizens can sponsor family members for green cards, including parents, spouses, children, and siblings, often with shorter waiting times than permanent residents.
Access to Federal Benefits
Citizens have access to a wider range of federal benefits, such as certain types of educational assistance and grants, that are not available to green card holders.
Traveling with a U.S. Passport
A U.S. passport allows for international travel with the protection of U.S. embassies and consulates. It also provides visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to many countries around the world.
Challenges and Considerations
Maintaining Eligibility
To remain eligible for naturalization, green card holders must maintain continuous residence and avoid actions that could negatively impact their status, such as certain criminal activities or extended absences from the U.S.
Costs Involved
The process of naturalization and obtaining a U.S. passport involves various fees. These include the filing fee for Form N-400, fees for biometrics, and the cost of obtaining a passport. It is important to budget for these expenses.
Time Commitment
The naturalization process can be lengthy, often taking several months to years from start to finish. Applicants must be prepared for the time commitment and potential delays.
Conclusion
While holding a green card does not directly grant you an American passport, it is the first significant step towards U.S. citizenship. Through the naturalization process, green card holders can become U.S. citizens and gain the right to obtain a U.S. passport. This journey involves meeting specific eligibility criteria, completing the necessary applications, and demonstrating a commitment to the principles of the United States. Once achieved, U.S. citizenship opens the door to numerous rights, privileges, and opportunities that can greatly enhance your life and the lives of your family members.