Immigration is a key issue in the 2024 U.S. presidential election. A Gallup poll conducted in July revealed that 55% of U.S. adults favor reducing immigration, compared to 41% who do not. This marks the first time since 2005 that a majority of Americans want to see fewer immigrants, with the highest support recorded at 65% in 1993 and 1995.
As voters prepare to head to the polls on November 5, the future of immigration policy remains uncertain. Republican nominee, former President Donald J. Trump, has outlined a clear immigration strategy in his campaign, emphasizing the need to “seal the border” and execute the “largest deportation operation in American history.” He has vowed to combat crime linked to migrants, dismantle drug cartels, and ensure that the immigration system prioritizes American workers.
On the other hand, Democratic nominee Vice President Kamala Harris advocates for “strong border security” while aiming to reform the immigration system. Her campaign promises include securing borders and creating an “earned pathway to citizenship” for undocumented immigrants. The Democratic platform supports expanding legal immigration and keeping families together while long-term unauthorized immigrants seek citizenship, including protections for “Dreamers” through the DACA program.
Currently, an estimated 11 million unauthorized migrants reside in the U.S., according to the Pew Research Center, a figure that remains below the peak of 12.2 million in 2007.
Recent data from U.S. Customs and Border Patrol indicates that in fiscal year 2024, over 700,000 removals and returns were completed, the highest since 2010. The report also notes a 60% decrease in the number of migrants who crossed the border without detection.
Public Discourse and Catholic Teaching
Despite these figures, public discourse surrounding immigration remains heated. Dylan Corbett, executive director of the HOPE Border Institute, emphasized the need for political leaders to take responsibility and recognize the contributions of migrants. He noted that many essential workers during the pandemic were migrants, underscoring the vital role they play in the economy and society.
The Catholic Church’s teachings also stress the moral obligation to welcome migrants. The Catechism states that prosperous nations should assist those seeking safety and livelihood. However, it also acknowledges that human laws must align with divine principles. Former Pope John Paul II condemned deportation and other acts that violate human dignity, describing them as “intrinsic evil.”
Contrasting Approaches to Immigration Policy
J. Kevin Appleby from the Center for Migration Studies highlighted the stark differences between Trump and Harris on immigration. He criticized Trump’s mass deportation plan, arguing it would economically harm the country and separate families. Nearly 70% of households with unauthorized immigrants include U.S.-born citizens, making them vulnerable to deportation.
Conversely, Appleby noted that while Harris has adopted a more conservative stance on border control, she still advocates for pathways to citizenship for undocumented individuals. However, her bipartisan border bill could undermine asylum protections, raising concerns among advocates.
Andrew Arthur, a former immigration judge, stated that Trump’s mass deportation strategy may not involve dramatic scenes but would require significant willpower to enforce. He predicted that any enforcement actions might include an amnesty component for some undocumented immigrants, although Trump has not discussed such plans publicly.
Arthur also highlighted that mandatory use of the E-Verify system could force many unauthorized immigrants to leave the U.S. if they cannot find work. An obligatory registration program could also impact the migrant community, introducing criminal penalties for unauthorized immigration.
Additional Concerns and Perspectives
Under a second Trump administration, currently authorized migrants may face new challenges. Trump has expressed intentions to deport Haitian migrants legally residing in the U.S. under Temporary Protected Status, raising concerns about their safety in Haiti, which is plagued by violence.
Father Daniel Groody, an expert on migration issues, remarked on the lack of intelligent discourse regarding immigration. He noted the paradox of needing immigrant labor while being resistant to immigrants themselves. Groody urged that faith should guide voters’ perspectives on this complex issue, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the humanity of migrants.
Ultimately, the immigration debate reflects broader societal values, and the outcome of the election may significantly shape U.S. immigration policy moving forward.
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